THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EXTERNAL SHOCKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-2-169-33-38Keywords:
international labor migration, external shocks, exogenous and endogenous factors, migration policy, migration rent.Abstract
The article considers the theoretical problems of international labor migration under the influence of external shocks. The destructive impact of hostilities in Ukraine is underscored by the forecasts of international institutions. External migration of Ukrainians can have extremely serious consequences. Emphasis is placed on the distinction between exogenous and endogenous shock factors. Endogenous are macroeconomic in origin, forms and results, micro- and mesoeconomic in shifts in business processes. Exogenous shocks have the following forms of origin: macroeconomic "black swans" as destructive fluctuations in world markets; catastrophic natural disasters; socio-political conflicts.
The evolution of the main theories of international migration has been studied.
The relevance of theoretical principles and practical application of microeconomic analysis of migration processes is emphasized. Globalization and increasing inequality have directed a significant part of research to analyze population movements from peripheral to central countries, with a focus on the economic situation in donor countries.
Modern foreign theories of migration are based on the postulates of the neoclassical approach, which determines the movement of labor migration with a vector from countries and regions with excess human potential to countries with high demand and limited supply. Discrepancies become apparent when the use of cheap migrant labor makes a profit at the corporate level. At the same time, macroeconomic assessments note technological stagnation, the preservation of low levels of conditions and wages.
The role of migration rent in the policy of firms-recipients of foreign labor force is analyzed. In conditions of global inequality, the rent for the use of cheap labor has an objective basis and is the main motive for the formation of a special labor market for foreigners.
After the end of the war, the key issue for Ukraine and the world community will be the recovery of the national economy and the return of migrants to their homeland.
Supporting the refugee return process, ensuring their reintegration and employment in the Ukrainian economy will contribute to the rapid resumption of economic activity in Ukraine.
All practical steps must be based on sound theoretical principles, classical studies of international labor markets and labor migration processes.
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