PRINCIPLES AND MEASURES FOR DESIGNING INTERSECTIONS IN URBAN AREAS WITH CONSIDERATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT REDUCTION

Abstract

The dynamic development of modern urban agglomerations and the incessant growth in traffic flow intensity pose complex challenges for urban planners and engineers. The street and road network, the veritable circulatory system of the city, requires a fundamental rethinking and adaptation to new realities. This paper presents a comprehensive study dedicated to the in-depth analysis and enhancement of the foundational principles for designing urban transportation systems, with a particular focus on its key nodes—intersections, where the risks of conflict among road users are highest.
In the context of rapid urbanization, it is becoming evident that traditional engineering paradigms, long dominant in the field and focused primarily on maximizing vehicular capacity, are insufficient and often counterproductive. This analysis delves into several key drivers of this transformation, central to which is the integration of global sustainable development goals. These goals necessitate a shift from obsolete auto-centric models to progressive, human-centric designs. Such an approach prioritizes the safety, accessibility, and comfort of the most vulnerable road users—pedestrians, cyclists, and public transport users—thereby creating a harmonious and equitable urban environment for all.
Based on this analysis, the study identifies and systematizes the main groups of urban planning and design principles that have a direct or indirect impact on the frequency and severity of traffic collisions at intersections. A critical evaluation is conducted to identify the most influential factors offering the greatest potential for safety improvements in both dense urban settings and suburban areas. Subsequently, these abstract principles are translated into a clear, systematized set of specific design elements and practical measures. This toolkit—ranging from geometric modifications and the optimization of corner radii to the implementation of modern traffic calming devices—serves as the practical embodiment of a safety-conscious design philosophy.
Ultimately, these elements are proposed as ready-to-use practical parameters for integration during the design documentation phase, allowing safety foundations to be laid before construction begins. They are also intended to serve as supplementary criteria to enrich existing methodologies for road safety audits and assessments. By incorporating these parameters, professionals can conduct more robust and proactive evaluations, minimizing risks and fostering the creation of a fundamentally safer, more inclusive, and comfortable urban environment for all its inhabitants.