USING POLYMERIC SHELLS OF THE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS OF RAPID FILTERS FOR TERTIARY TREATMENT
Abstract
It is proposed to increase the efficiency of the rapid filters by using for tertiary treatment the drainage systems with a shell of porous fibrous polymeric materials. The rationale for this solution was carried out by means of mathematical modeling. An improved mathematical model of consistent filtration of low-concentration suspension through a layer of granular filtering media and a porous shell is presented. The change in the pore size over to the thickness of the porous membrane is taken into account. Filtration with a gradual pore plugging of the porous membrane is considered. The basis of the mathematical model is made up of equations: filtration, transport of suspended solids by the flow of a filtered fluid, mass transfer. Also the relations that take into account the influence of colmatation and parameters of granular and fibrous media are used. The relation for calculating the resistivity of a porous membrane, taking into account the size of its pores, was derived from the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. This relation is similar to the Kozeny-Karman equation for a granular media.
The influence of the parameters of a granular media and the porous shell on the efficiency of the filtration was studied using a mathematical model. These parameters include the equivalent grain diameter of the granular media, the maximum and minimum pore diameter of the porous membrane, and the distribution type of the pore size over the shell thickness. The use of a porous membrane allows one to increase the equivalent grain diameter of a granular media. As a result, the pollution over the thickness of the granular media is distributed more evenly. Part of the suspended solids is retained in the porous membrane. The variants of linear and non-linear distribution of the equivalent pore diameter over the thickness of the membrane are considered. The calculations were carried out for the filtration mode of constant productivity. The efficiency criterion is the ratio of the duration of operation between washes of a filter with tertiary treatment on the drainage system to the same parameter for a filter of traditional design.
It is shown that the use of a porous membrane with variable pore size allows to additionally increase the efficiency of tertiary treatment. In the membrane of such a design, pollutions, as in the granular layer, are distributed more evenly over its thickness. As a result, the growth of head losses slows down, the duration of the filter operation between washings increases.
Keywords: granular filtering media, suspended solids, drainage system, porous membrane, polymeric fibrous shells, mathematical model
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