DISPOSAL AND USE OF SOLID WASTE INCINERATION PRODUCTS
Abstract
The thermal decontamination (incineration) is the most effective way to deal with the environmental hazards from municipal solid waste (MSW). Solid (fly-ash and slag) as well as liquid and gaseous products of incineration are formed during incineration plants (incinerators). Most incinerators in the Europe Union are still furnaces with grates at the base, where non-recyclable waste is loaded. They contain usually organic and inorganic components, which comprise hazardous to the environment heavy metals.
As a result of combustion of unsorted garbage, two main solid by-products of incineration are formed: a fine-grained fly-ash, which is captured on the sleeve and electrofilters and the wastewater after the deposition in a scrubber, and the coarse dispersion slag accumulated under the furnace grates. Solid products contain toxic residues of heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, which are dissolved in water during the dumping of ash and slag in landfills, and thus can get into the soil and groundwater.
The main problem hampering the use of solid incineration by-products as mineral raw materials is their purification or detoxification (removal of toxic residues). An overview of existing methods of detoxification of ash and slag, which are obtained as a result of waste incineration, with subsequent use in the construction industry, is carried out in this work. The ash recycling for detoxification can be carried out in two ways: removal of heavy metals from the ash (leaching) or their stabilization in the ash to reduce leaching and dissolution in the soil.
The chemical analysis of the slag and ashes composition from Ukrainian waste incinerators has shown that they have a significant content of silicon and calcium oxides. It does indicate that those solid waste incineration products can be used for the production of building materials. The refined slag and ash can be used as a mineral additive in composite cements and cement mortars, as an addition to concrete in road construction, as a component of geopolymers for the installation of embankments, dams and other hydrotechnical structures.
Keywords: waste, combustion, incinerator, fly-ash, slag, detoxificationReferences
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