PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT FORMATION AND PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE OF A LARGEST CITY IN THE XXI CENTURY

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Abstract

The article describes the features of the study of transport infrastructure, which is due to the transformation of socio-economic conditions that cause a change in the role and place of man in the modern world, diversify and lead to a rapid change in his needs in the material and spatial environment. All this determines the need to reconsider the existing approaches to the architectural and spatial organization of the city environment. The formation of the architectural environment taking into account the different needs of different social groups became the main in architectural and urban planning. However, so far, unfortunately, very little attention is paid to the humanistic and artistic aspects of the formation of the material and spatial environment of modern man, containing the transport and pedestrian infrastructure of the city. Although these objects and problems of formation of the architectural environment the citizen faces daily. New and rather complex problems caused by the action of scientific and technological progress and the development of motorization of the population, which can be formulated as «transport and city», «car and city», «architecture and transport», are becoming more and more important. Rapid spatial growth of cities, a multiple increase in the urban population and the area of ​​built-up areas, extensive development of suburban areas raise both the problems of organizing transport systems and the problems of parking and storage of individual vehicles. As the territories develop with the help of the city's transport infrastructure, it is becoming increasingly clear that nature's resources are not coping with the extensive use of its lands.

The total number of cars tends to increase significantly. Mass motorization creates a huge number of interrelated problems: social; economic; environmental; sanitary and hygienic, etc.

Large and largest cities, which were built in the early to mid-twentieth century in anticipation of the development of mainly public transport to serve passengers, are not designed to increase the growth of the fleet of individual vehicles. Individual vehicles are increasingly absorbing the open spaces of the city, making it difficult for people to come into contact with the natural environment. Today, cars are stored in the most inappropriate places: on sidewalks, lawns and even on playgrounds.

The population of cities is increasingly feeling the crisis of the architectural environment, covering places for car storage, the inconvenience of using parking lots, the constant conflicts of movable and immovable vehicles. Street injuries are growing. The impact of vehicles, in particular their parking, often leads to the dehumanization of urban spaces, discomfort and the ecological crisis of the urban environment.