EINGORN’S AND SHELEIKHOVSKY’S SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION IN THE CREATION AND FORMATION METHODOLOGY OF «DIPROMISTO» INSTITUTE
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Keywords:
Dipromisto Institute, school of urban planning, Soviet urban planning, urban planning of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkiv metropolitan period.Abstract
The article describes the origin and formation of the «Dipromisto» Institute. The peculiarities of the project approach and methodological findings of the institute at the beginning of 1930s are considered.. The realism and pragmatism of Ukrainian specialists in the field of urban planning are noted. A necessary component in the development of the master plan of the new city, or the reconstruction of the existing one, was the technical and economic studying of the city and more detailed analytical work. Only after that the sketch project was made and development of the final project of planning and drawing up in detail of the partial project of planning of the first turn was carried out. The Institute's development has consistently attempted to make the city aware and practical, not only as a supplement to industrial production, but as a self-sufficient facility designed to ensure all aspects of people's lives. The same approach was used in the process of developing the master plan of Kharkov (1933-1938).Thanks to the Institute, several dozen master plans of cities and about a hundred master plans of industrial settlements of the Ukrainian SSR were designed, and a master plan of Kharkov was developed.The school of complex urban planning was formed thanks to the work of many talented specialists: O. Eingorn, G. Sheleikhovsky and P. Alyoshin, as well as D. Bogorad, M. Davidovich, I. Malozyomov, O. Marzeev, P. Khaustov and other specialists.Eingorn was the undisputed ideological leader of the Institute. Thanks to his leadership, a methodology for designing cities was developed. First of all, the design process was divided into four stages: technical and economic studying of the city; drawing up a draft planning plan; development of the final planning project; drawing up a detailed partial draft of the first stage planning. Eingorn paid great attention to the architecture of the city and work with the landscape and another important implementation of O. Eingorn is a reorganization of the design process and the work of the architect-designer and associates.Another prominent specialist – G. Sheleikhovsky. He co-authored and engineered and designed two large urban projects, the master plan of Kharkiv and Big Zaporizhia. He was also a scientist who laid the foundations of urban climatology, which in the 1930s was just beginning to develop.
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