EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF THE TRANSPORT OPERATIONS OF SHIPMENT DELIVERY, INCLUDING THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
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Keywords:
environment, external costs, air pollution, transport process, impact.Abstract
The article considered the issue of the effectiveness of the organization of the transport process for the delivery of packaged unit cargo, considering the impact on the external environment. It has been established that transport is one of the most important elements of the urban economy. But on the other hand, and one of the main environmental pollutants. The deterioration of transport problems in cities is associated, first of all, with an increase in the level of motorization and a significant increase in on-line commerce and delivery of goods under quarantine conditions. In such conditions, there is a high concentration of pollutants (NOx, CO, CH, etc.), a decrease in the speed of movement of vehicles, an increase in travel time along the main highways of the city. Many countries have begun to take this important factor into account when making decisions. Today, there are tariffs that are imposed on vehicle owners. The value in monetary terms depends on the type of fuel used, the carrying capacity of vehicles, etc. These tariffs are approved in European countries. Also, the impact of transport on the external environment can be calculated as costs in monetary terms. The modern paradigm of sustainable development of transport systems indicates not only the feasibility of minimizing the costs of organizing the transport process, but also the need to reduce the impact of transport on the environment. The total costs (direct and indirect costs) for transportation are insufficiently estimated in the modern conditions of the organization of the transport process. This fact should be taken into account by the participants in the supply chains. It should be noted that when calculating the cost of transportation of unitized cargo, only the cost parameter is considered. We cannot ignore the fact that transport affects the environment, infrastructure, etc. Therefore, when calculating the total cost of transportation of goods, it is necessary to add “external” costs to the logistics costs. The so-called environmental costs, which contain indicators such as the amount of emissions of harmful substances, an assessment of the impact on infrastructure, and others.
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