ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: SAFETY MEASURES AND POTENTIAL THREATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2024-3-184-250-258Keywords:
safety culture, safety measures, industrial work, occupational risk assessmentAbstract
The article considers the application of robotics and artificial intelligence in everyday life and at work. Existing research has shown that industrial and domestic robot design and operational characteristics can threaten human life and health and serve as safety measures. At the same time, modern collaborative robots share the same workspace as humans. The study found that, depending on the nature of the origin, it is possible to divide robotics hazards into the following types: mechanical, which can arise from an unintentional or unexpected action or when changing tools; contact with dangerous energy sources that can lead to electric shock when touching connections, current-carrying parts, or an electric arc flash; thermal, which arise from contact with hot or cold surfaces; noise, radiation, chemicals, infections, and other hazards. Many robot-related accidents do not occur during operation but often during the design, installation, and testing process when workers first encounter the robot. The causes of robotics-related injuries include the human factor, poor safety culture, and the robot’s operational and design characteristics. Isolation from a professional service robot is ineffective when a person has to work in the robot’s area of operation or at the same workplace. The physical safety of robots and humans in shared spaces includes the following categories: safety assessment and the concept of human-robot interaction; contact safety due to robot design; passive interoperable systems, lightweight manipulators, safe actuators, and passive robotic systems. Every collaborative robot system is unique, so risk assessment is crucial for safe and successful implementation. Existing methods for assessing occupational risks of robots mainly consider ergonomic risks and can only be applied at the design stage. Some existing machines and measuring arms have a control system that monitors the workspace. If something foreign appears in the work area, the machine slows down and resumes high measurement speeds automatically.
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