ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF MIGRATION

Abstract

One of the most pressing global economic problems is growing socio-economic inequality. It is deepening, acquiring new forms and meanings and reigns in various spheres of human existence, reigns both within countries and between countries. Experts define inequality as a modern threat of a global scale and are extremely concerned that it has a tendency to grow.
The phenomenon of inequality affects all components of social life, therefore, understanding the essence, causes and consequences of inequality begins with the emergence of science itself. Hundreds of generations have changed since those times, but discussions around the nature and consequences of inequality do not cease. Today, the problem of the relationship between socio-economic inequality and migration trends remains insufficiently studied.
The aim of the article is to reveal the relationship between the complex phenomena of today - socio-economic inequality and migration shifts in the globalized world. Today, inequality in income distribution has gone beyond acceptable limits and has become a serious obstacle to economic development, a source of serious tension in society, a factor that reduces the quality of life of the population.
Unfair inequality of incomes of the population has a detrimental effect on the quality of life due to the stratification of society into groups that differ in the level and structure of consumption, a certain subculture. Inequality serves to tear apart the social fabric of society and becomes the main source of numerous social conflicts.. Inequality is that destructive mechanism that is better than external threats able to cope with the destruction of the integrity of the socio-economic system.
The growth of inequality is associated with the concentration of income and wealth in the upper classes, the tendency to monopolization, tax evasion by the wealthy part of the population, a decrease in the progressivity of taxation, the weakening of the influence of trade unions, the outstripping of the pace of wage increases by inflation.
High levels of inequality reduce the ability of people, social groups and even countries to develop, deepening economic and social barriers and depriving societies of the potential for long-term development. Global inequality is cyclical, passing through wars, epidemics, technological revolutions, changes in access to education and redistribution of income.
Inequality creates a vicious circle - a self-sustaining environment in which the children of the rich inherit wealth, and the children of the poor, respectively, poverty. Inequality is the basis that generates migration. The relationship between migration and inequality is complex and contradictory.
The motives for migration are based on the difference in wages and employment opportunities, the gender profiles of countries, demographic factors. The correlation between the level of wage differences and the intensity of migration is not linear.
Small-scale migration is often a positive global phenomenon, but such a positive impact is sharply reduced when its scale increases. International migration, on the one hand, is a factor in global inequality, and on the other hand, if properly managed, can become an important tool for its reduction, but for this it is necessary to properly use its potential.