GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING TRENDS 1900s and 1930s AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING OF METROPOLITAN KHARKOV
Array
Keywords:
architectural and town-planning tendencies, socialization of town-planning, socialization of residential architecture complexes, metropolitan KharkovAbstract
Organizational changes in project activity and the stages of its formation in the Ukrainian SSR as a tool for constructing a new social reality have been traced. The first stage was the approval of the altered role of architecture and the architect in socialist model, the second - the inclusion of social relations and lifestyle in the subject of architectural creativity, the third - conceptual approaches / models and the fourth - the creation of new samples of architecture.
Global trends in urban planning and housing construction in the 1920s - 1930s essential for understanding the processes taking place in the construction of the capital Kharkov have been established. Namely:
– the formation of urban planning schools at the turn of the XIXth and XXth centuries. (England, France, Germany, Austria (Vienna), as well as in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kharkov and Kiev;
– outsourcing knowledge from other sciences (statistics, economics, law, sociology, etc.);
– aspiration to construct cheap housing, industrialization and standardization;
– attraction of private capital to the construction of residential complexes.
A similarity pointed out between architectural and urban planning concepts is composed of the attraction to conceptual solutions alike to the "garden city" in early 1920s, the search for a new housing typology (sometimes small) with facilities; creation of the concepts of a house-commune and a housing complex.
Implementation of avant-garde concepts in the development of social and housing infrastructure of the metropolitan Kharkov is considered. In the 1920s the formation of architectural and urban planning concepts in the USSR took place in correlation with the basic social ideas of architectural and urban planning practices of the West in the following sequence: noncritical borrowing of Western bourgeois models ("garden city"), attempts at social innovation inspired by the classics of utopian socialism (house-commune as phalanx reincarnation), constructing new functional-spatial models as means of implementing social doctrine (residential complexes); socio-economic invention in the context of industry planning (Sotsgorod). Practical verification of the models created at each stage became an incentive for new searches.
References
2. Voitkov, Vl. (1924) Worker-settlement construction in North-Am. Soed. States. Construction industry, 4, 256-260.
3. Semenov, V. (2003) Urban improvement. Ed. 2nd, stereotyped. Moscow: URSS editoria.. (Reprint of the publication of 1912), 232.
4. Le Corbusier (1928) At the turn of the new architecture. New Generation, 2, 132-134/
5. Kryukov, M. (1924, No. 12.) Housing in England. Construction industry, 12, 772-775.
6. Wutke, O. (1929) Housing construction abroad. Organization of construction processes in Germany. Construction industry, 4, 339-343.
7. Wolfenzon, G. (1928) Housing construction of Western Europe (on travel notes). Construction industry, 9, 627-632.
8. Nefedov, M. (1929) The practice of urbanism. Public utilities, 2, 18-21.
9. Kondrashchenko, F. (1929) Housing culture standard. Nova Generatsiya, 1, 69-72.
10. Maloziomov, I. (1929)The New Pobut. Nova Generatsiya, 11, 59-62.
11. Aloshin, P. F. (n.d.) Documents: design planning, social security, business life, life-time sector, movie theater, public, school, nursery, adult and other. TSDMLM. f.8. in. 1.p. 260
12. Alyoshin, P.F. (n.d.) Documents: armchair with power forwarding metro station Kharkiv. f.8. in. 1. p. 264
13. Soviet urban development. 1917-1941.(2018) Book 2. [resp. ed. Yu.L. Kosenkova]. - Moscow: Progress-Tradition, 672.
14. Didenko, K.V. (2019) Social housing programs in the architecture of metropolian Kharkiv (1917-1934). Candidates dis. Kharkiv, 236.
15. Stubben, J. (1980) Der Stadtebau, Handbuch der Architectur. Darmstadt.
16. Govorenkova, T. M. (1996) Self-government in Ukraine. Mediapolis 1–2.
17. Dubelir, G. (1910) Planning of cities: (separate prints from the magazine. "Urban affairs"). 82.
18. Leibfreyd, A. Yu., Polyakova, Yu.Yu. (2001) Kharkov. From the fortress to the capital: Notes on the old city. - Kharkov: Folio.335.
19. Borisenok, M. Yu. (2017) Red Vienna for Red Moscow. Retrieved from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/krasnaya-vena-dlya-krasnoy-rossii.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors who publish in this collection agree with the following terms:
• The authors reserve the right to authorship of their work and give the magazine the right to first publish this work under the terms of license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (with the Designation of Authorship - Non-Commercial - Without Derivatives 4.0 International), which allows others to freely distribute the published work with a mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this magazine.
• Authors have the right to make independent extra-exclusive work agreements in the form in which they were published by this magazine (for example, posting work in an electronic repository of an institution or publishing as part of a monograph), provided that the link to the first publication of the work in this journal is maintained. .
• Journal policy allows and encourages the publication of manuscripts on the Internet (for example, in institutions' repositories or on personal websites), both before the publication of this manuscript and during its editorial work, as it contributes to the emergence of productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of the citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
